Sunday, 25 January 2015
Saturday, 10 January 2015
Arabic Indefinite Articles:
To use the indefinite article in Arabic, there is not much that you can
add, just leave the word with no article, especially when you write in Arabic
alphabet, there is a small modification however that occurs to the tail of the
word, called nunation (adding the suffix “un”):
To use the indefinite article in Arabic, there is not much that you can
add, just leave the word with no article, especially when you write in Arabic
alphabet, there is a small modification however that occurs to the tail of the
word, called nunation (adding the suffix “un”):
A house = bait +un = baitun بيتٌ, the “un” is expressed by this
symbol ( ُُ ُُ or ٌٌٌٌ ) when written in Arabic alphabet,
like in the example of:
baitun = بيتٌ .
A sun = shams+un = Shamsun شمسٌ , a dog = kalbunكلبٌ , a tree =
shajaratun شجرةٌ , a student = tilmeedun تلميذٌ , a language = lugatun لغةٌ .
Since the nunation is a property of
the indefinite article you cannot apply it to the definite article,
The star = annajm النجم , a star = najmun نجمٌ .
Friday, 9 January 2015
Arabic Definite Articles
Arabic
Definite Articles:
The definite article in Arabic is formed by adding the prefix
“al” to the noun, “al” is equal to “the” in English and it should
be connected to the noun. Examples: the boy = al walad الولد, the girl = al
bent البنت , the house = al
bait
البيت .
The definite article “al, ال ” is not all the time pronounced as “al”,
the “al” would be pronounced as “a” instead of “al” if it precedes one of the
following letters: (t
- ت , th- ث ,
d - د , dh- ذ
, r- ر , z- ز
, s- س , sh- ش , s- ص , d
-ض , t - ط
, z- ظ , n- ن
)
This process is called
assimilation. An easy way to make the pronunciation easier, just like the way
English does with the indefinite article “a” (a book, but an eagle).
The sky = assamaa السماء (instead of alsamaa) because sky =samaa سماء starts with a (s س which is part of
the letters above).
The moon = alqamar القمر ,
since the letter q ق is not in the list
above we can always use the full “al” with it.
Note that the omission of the
letter “l” is only in pronunciation and not in writing.
Examples:
Arabic Definite
Articles
|
|
When the “l” is omitted
(assimilation)
|
When the “l” is not omitted (no
assimilation)
|
The merchant = attajer التاجر (merchant
= tajer تاجر
)
The notebook = addaftar الدفتر (notebook
= daftar دفتر)
The painting = arrasm الرسم (painting
= rasm رسم)
The time = azzaman الزمن
(time = zaman زمن)
The eagle = annasr النسر
(eagle = nasr نسر )
These are just examples of words
starting with the letters below:
(t - ت ,
th- ث , d - د , dh- ذ , r- ر , z- ز , s- س , sh- ش , s- ص , d -ض , t - ط ,
z- ظ
, n- ن
)
|
The moon = alqamar القمر (moon
= qamar قمر )
The sunset = alghuroub الغروب(sunset
=ghuroub غروب
)
The eye = al’ayn العين(eye
= ‘ayn عين )
The king = almalik الملك(king
= malik ملك )
The present = alhadiah الهدية(present
= hadiah هدية
)
These are just examples of the
rest of alphabets that no assimilation is needed for, so you can use the “al”
without omitting the “l”. the letters the assimilation is not needed for are:
(a - أ ,
b ب ,
j ج ,
h ح ,
kh خ ,
‘ ع , gh غ ,
f ف ,q ق , k
ك ,
l ل ,
m م ,
n ن ,
h هـ ,
w و, yaي )
Note that whenever an assimilation is needed you need to double the first consonant coming after the first “a” in the word, to understand it more look at the table above. |
Verbs -Present Tense(B)
PRESENT TENSE
The easiest way to
learn how to conjugate Arabic verbs to the present tense is to look at the
table below:
It’s very easy to put hundreds of verbs in the
model above, just replace the numbers with the
three consonants of the verb:
# 2 = first consonant, # 3 = second consonant,
# 4 = third consonant. You will notice that there are some letters before the
numbers 2, 3, 4, you shouldn’t replace the letters, the only thing you should
replace are the numbers, vowels (symbols) + the letters should stay.
For example the verb (to draw) is (rasama رسم ) in Arabic, to conjugate it into the first person singular (I
draw), try to use the form next to ( I do) on the top, which is ,
in other words, always use the Alef أ as a first
letter for the first person singular, then replace the letter # 2 with the
first consonant of the verb you’re conjugating (in our case it’s the verb رسم)
meaning that the number 2 should be replaced with “ر” , number 3 should be replaced with the second consonant which is
س
, # 4
should be replaced with the third consonant which is the letter م . if you followed the steps the right way, then you will end
up having أرسُمُ which means “I draw”, this rule applies to the
trilateral verbs (with some exceptions), you can do the same thing with the
rest, the table below shows how I replaced the numbers 2, 3, 4 with the
consonants ر , س , م)
+ the letters that are unchanged like the Alef أ for the first person singular, the
unchanged ( t ت ) for the second person singular and so on…and the most
important is the vowels or symbols on the top of each consonant.
Please pay extra attention to the harakaat
written in Arabic, the three small symbols ( َ
ُِ ) are very important in the tables below
and above, because they play the role of vowels,
( ََََََََ = vowel a)
( ُُُُُُ = vowel u)
( ِِِِِِِِ =
vowel i or e),
Singular
|
Dual
|
I draw = arsumu أرسُمُ
you draw (singular masculine) = tarsumu ترسُمُ
you draw (singular feminine) =
tarsumeena ترسُمِينَ
he draws = yarsumu يَرسُمُ
she draws = tarsumu تَرسُمُ
|
you draw (dual male or female) = tarsumani تَرسُمَانِ
they draw (dual male or
female) = yarsumani يَرسُمَانِ
Plural
we draw = narsumu نَرسُمُ
you draw (plural masculine) = tarsumuna تَرسُمُونَ
your draw (plural feminine) = tarsumna تَرسُمْنَ
they draw (plural masculine)
= yarsumuna يَرسُمُونَ
they draw (plural feminine) = yarsumna يَرسُمْنَ
|
You can use the table above to conjugate
hundreds of verbs, like (to write كتب) ( to learn درس) (to
dream حلم) (
to protect حرس) …..
However some other trilateral verbs have some slightly
different forms, look at the table below, it looks almost similar to the one on
the top, with one exception, look at # 3, it has a vowel (symbol) different
than the table on the top, the one on the top has a ( ُ ) on
the top of number 3, while the table below has a symbol like
( َ ) on the top of
number 3, basically instead of using the vowel (u ُ ) we will use the vowel (a َ
) with some trilateral verbs, like: to play لعب, to do فعل , to go ذهب , to swimسبح … but the rest of the consonants stay
unchanged.
Finally there is a third table which will
have also a slight modification, on the same place as the one before, which is
under number 3,
instead of adding the vowel (u ُ ) or
the vowel (a َ ), this time we will add the vowel ( e or i ِ )to
some verbs when conjugating them like:
to throw قذف, to hit ضرب, to beat هزم …..
List of Verbs
Below is a list of Verbs in Arabic, try to
memorize as many as you can, they will help you a lot in your conversations and
understanding what has been said by others.
A
List of Arabic Verbs
|
||
accept
|
qabela
|
قبل
|
advise
|
nasaha
|
نصح
|
allow
|
samaha
|
سمح
|
appear
|
dahara
|
ظهر
|
arrive
|
wasala
|
وصل
|
attach
|
rabata
|
ربط
|
bake
|
khabaza
|
خبز
|
beat
|
daraba
|
ضرب
|
begin
|
bada’a
|
بدأ
|
bind
|
rabata
|
ربط
|
bleed
|
nazafa
|
نزف
|
blow
|
nafakha
|
نفخ
|
break
|
kasara
|
كسر
|
burn
|
haraqa (sharp h)
|
حرق
|
calculate
|
hasaba
|
حسب
|
carry
|
hamala
|
حمل
|
chew
|
madagha
|
مضغ
|
collect
|
jama'a
|
جمع
|
copy
|
nasakha
|
نسخ
|
crawl
|
zahafa
|
زحف
|
cross
|
'abara
|
عبر
|
cut
|
jaraha
|
جرح
|
dance
|
raqasa
|
رقص
|
deliver
|
naqala
|
نقل
|
describe
|
wasafa
|
وصف
|
detect
|
kashafa
|
كشف
|
dig
|
hafara
|
حفر
|
dislike
|
kareha
|
كره
|
do
|
‘amala
|
عمل
|
draw
|
rasama
|
رسم
|
dream
|
halama
|
حلم
|
dress
|
labesa
|
لبس
|
drink
|
shareba
|
شرب
|
earn
|
kasaba
|
كسب
|
eat
|
akala
|
أكل
|
enter
|
dakhala
|
دخل
|
escape
|
haraba
|
هرب
|
explain
|
sharaha
|
شرح
|
fall
|
saqata
|
سقط
|
feel
|
sha’ara
|
شعر
|
find
|
wajada
|
وجد
|
follow
|
tabe'a
|
تبع
|
forsake
|
hajara
|
هجر
|
freeze
|
jamada
|
جمد
|
go
|
dahaba
|
ذهب
|
grind
|
tahana
|
طحن
|
guard
|
harasa
|
حرس
|
hit
|
daraba
|
ضرب
|
hurt
|
jaraha
|
جرح
|
joke
|
mazaha
|
مزح
|
jump
|
qafaza
|
قفز
|
kill
|
qatala
|
قتل
|
kneel
|
raka’a
|
ركع
|
know
|
‘arafa
|
عرف
|
laugh
|
daheka
|
ضحك
|
lay
|
raqada
|
رقد
|
leap
|
wathaba (th as in thin)
|
وثب
|
leave
|
taraka
|
ترك
|
let
|
taraka
|
ترك
|
lie
|
kathaba (th as in that)
|
كذب
|
listen
|
same'a
|
سمع
|
look
|
nadara
|
نظر
|
lose
|
khasera
|
خسر
|
make
|
sana’a
|
صنع
|
mean
|
kasada
|
قصد
|
murder
|
qatala
|
قتل
|
obtain
|
hasala
|
حصل
|
open
|
fataha
|
فتح
|
pay
|
dafa’a
|
دفع
|
permit
|
adena
|
أذن
|
place
|
wada'a
|
وضع
|
plant
|
zara'a
|
زرع
|
play
|
la'eba
|
لعب
|
prevent
|
mana'a
|
منع
|
promise
|
wa'ada
|
وعد
|
push
|
dafa'a
|
دفع
|
Put
|
wada’a
|
وضع
|
Reach
|
wasala
|
وصل
|
Read
|
qara’a
|
قرأ
|
Refuse
|
rafada
|
رفض
|
Regret
|
nadema
|
ندم
|
request
|
talaba
|
طلب
|
Ride
|
rakeba
|
ركب
|
Rise
|
nahada
|
نهض
|
Rule
|
hakama
|
حكم
|
Run
|
rakada
|
ركض
|
Saw
|
nashara
|
نشر
|
Scream
|
sarakha
|
صرخ
|
Search
|
bahatha (th as in thin)
|
بحث
|
Seek
|
bahasa
|
بحث
|
Show
|
‘arada
|
عرض
|
Sink
|
gharaqa
|
غرق
|
Sit
|
jalasa
|
جلس
|
Slay
|
dabaha
|
ذبح
|
Sneeze
|
'atasa
|
عطس
|
Spill
|
dalaqa
|
دلق
|
Spit
|
basaqa
|
بصق
|
Split
|
qasama
|
قسم
|
spread
|
nashara
|
نشر
|
squeeze
|
'asara
|
عصر
|
Stand
|
waqafa
|
وقف
|
Steal
|
saraqa
|
سرق
|
Sting
|
lasa’a
|
لسع
|
Strike
|
daraba
|
ضرب
|
succeed
|
najaha
|
نجح
|
Swear
|
halafa
|
حلف
|
Sweep
|
masaha
|
مسح
|
Thank
|
shakara
|
شكر
|
Think
|
fakkara
|
فكر
|
Thrive
|
najaha
|
نجح
|
Touch
|
lamasa
|
لمس
|
understand
|
fahema
|
فهم
|
Wash
|
ghasala
|
غسل
|
Wear
|
labesa
|
لبس
|
Win
|
rabeha
|
ربح
|
Work
|
'amela
|
عمل
|
Worry
|
qaleqa
|
قلق
|
Write
|
kataba
|
كتب
|