Saturday, 10 January 2015

Arabic Indefinite Articles:





Arabic Indefinite Articles:


To use the indefinite article in Arabic, there is not much that you can add, just leave the word with no article, especially when you write in Arabic alphabet, there is a small modification however that occurs to the tail of the word, called nunation (adding the suffix “un”):

To use the indefinite article in Arabic, there is not much that you can add, just leave the word with no article, especially when you write in Arabic alphabet, there is a small modification however that occurs to the tail of the word, called nunation (adding the suffix “un”):
A house = bait +un = baitun  بيتٌ, the “un” is expressed by this symbol ( ُُ ُُ   or  ٌٌٌٌ  ) when written in Arabic alphabet, like in the example of: baitun = بيتٌ  .
A sun = shams+un = Shamsun شمسٌ ,  a dog = kalbunكلبٌ ,  a tree = shajaratun شجرةٌ , a student = tilmeedun تلميذٌ , a language = lugatun لغةٌ .
Since the nunation is a property of the indefinite article you cannot apply it to the definite article,

The star = annajm النجم , a star = najmun نجمٌ .

Friday, 9 January 2015

Arabic Definite Articles








Arabic Definite Articles:

The definite article in Arabic is formed by adding the prefix “al” to the noun, “al” is equal to “the” in English and it should be connected to the noun. Examples: the boy = al walad الولد, the girl = al bent البنت , the house = al bait البيت .
The definite article “al, ال is not all the time pronounced as “al”, the “al” would be pronounced as “a” instead of “al” if it precedes one of the following letters: (t - ت , th-  ث , d - د , dh- ذ  , r- ر  , z- ز  , s- س  , sh-  ش , s- ص , d -ض  , t - ط  , z- ظ  , n- ن  )
This process is called assimilation. An easy way to make the pronunciation easier, just like the way English does with the indefinite article “a” (a book, but an eagle).
The sky = assamaa السماء (instead of alsamaa) because sky =samaa سماء starts with a (s س  which is part of the letters above).
The moon = alqamar القمر , since the letter q ق  is not in the list above we can always use the full “al” with it.
Note that the omission of the letter “l” is only in pronunciation and not in writing.

Examples: 
Arabic Definite Articles
When the “l” is omitted (assimilation)
When the “l” is not omitted (no assimilation)
The merchant = attajer التاجر (merchant = tajer تاجر )
The notebook = addaftar الدفتر (notebook = daftar  دفتر)
The painting = arrasm الرسم (painting = rasm رسم)
The time = azzaman الزمن  (time = zaman زمن)
The eagle = annasr النسر  (eagle = nasr نسر )
These are just examples of words starting with the letters below:
(t - ت , th-  ث , d - د , dh- ذ  , r- ر  , z- ز  , s- س  , sh-  ش , s- ص , d -ض  , t - ط  , z- ظ  , n- ن  )
The moon = alqamar  القمر (moon = qamar قمر )
The sunset = alghuroub  الغروب(sunset =ghuroub غروب )
The eye = al’ayn  العين(eye = ‘ayn عين )
The king = almalik  الملك(king = malik ملك )
The present = alhadiah  الهدية(present = hadiah هدية )
These are just examples of the rest of alphabets that no assimilation is needed for, so you can use the “al” without omitting the “l”. the letters the assimilation is not needed for are:
(a - أ , b ب , j ج , h ح ,  kh خ , ‘ ع  , gh غ , f ف  ,q ق , k ك , l ل , m م , n ن ,  h هـ , w  و, yaي  )





Note that whenever an assimilation is needed you need to double the first consonant coming after the first “a” in the word, to understand it more look at the table above.



Verbs -Present Tense(B)













PRESENT TENSE
The easiest way to learn how to conjugate Arabic verbs to the present tense is to look at the table below:






It’s very easy to put hundreds of verbs in the model above, just replace the numbers with the three consonants of the verb:
# 2 = first consonant, # 3 = second consonant, # 4 = third consonant. You will notice that there are some letters before the numbers 2, 3, 4, you shouldn’t replace the letters, the only thing you should replace are the numbers, vowels (symbols) + the letters should stay.

For example the verb (to draw) is (rasama رسم ) in Arabic, to conjugate it into the first person singular (I draw), try to use the form next to ( I do) on the top, which is  ,


 in other words, always use the Alef أ as a first letter for the first person singular, then replace the letter # 2 with the first consonant of the verb you’re conjugating (in our case it’s the verb رسم) meaning that the number 2 should be replaced with “ر , number 3 should be replaced with the second consonant which is س , # 4 should be replaced with the third consonant which is the letter م   .  if you followed the steps the right way, then you will end up having أرسُمُ which means “I draw”, this rule applies to the trilateral verbs (with some exceptions), you can do the same thing with the rest, the table below shows how I replaced the numbers 2, 3, 4 with the consonants ر , س , م)  + the letters that are unchanged like the Alef أ  for the first person singular, the unchanged ( t ت ) for the second person singular and so on…and the most important is the vowels or symbols on the top of each consonant.

Please pay extra attention to the harakaat written in Arabic, the three small symbols (   َ   ُِ     ) are very important in the tables below and above, because they play the role of vowels,  
 (   ََََََََ  = vowel a)  ( ُُُُُُ  = vowel u)  (    ِِِِِِِِ  = vowel i or e), 



Singular


Dual
I draw = arsumأرسُمُ
you draw (singular masculine) = tarsumu ترسُمُ
you draw (singular feminine) = tarsumeena ترسُمِينَ
he draws = yarsumu  يَرسُمُ
she draws = tarsumu تَرسُمُ
you draw (dual male or female) = tarsumani تَرسُمَانِ
they draw  (dual male or female) = yarsumani يَرسُمَانِ

Plural
we draw = narsumu نَرسُمُ
you draw (plural masculine) = tarsumuna تَرسُمُونَ
your draw (plural feminine) = tarsumna تَرسُمْنَ
they draw  (plural masculine) = yarsumuna يَرسُمُونَ
they draw (plural feminine) = yarsumna يَرسُمْنَ

You can use the table above to conjugate hundreds of verbs, like (to write  كتب) ( to learn درس) (to dream حلم) ( to protect حرس) …..

However some other trilateral verbs have some slightly different forms, look at the table below, it looks almost similar to the one on the top, with one exception, look at # 3, it has a vowel (symbol) different than the table on the top, the one on the top has a (  ُ ) on the top of number 3, while the table below has a symbol like 
(  َ   )  on the top of number 3, basically instead of using the vowel (u   ُ ) we will use the vowel (a َ  ) with some trilateral verbs, like: to play لعب, to do فعل , to go ذهب , to swimسبح  … but the rest of the consonants stay unchanged.



 Finally there is a third table which will have also a slight modification, on the same place as the one before, which is under number 3,
instead of adding the vowel (u   ُ ) or the vowel (a َ  ), this time we will add the vowel ( e or i ِ   )to some verbs when conjugating them like:

to throw قذف, to hit ضرب, to beat هزم …..










List of Verbs

















Below is a list of Verbs in Arabic, try to memorize as many as you can, they will help you a lot in your conversations and understanding what has been said by others.


A List of Arabic Verbs
accept
qabela
قبل
advise
nasaha
نصح
allow
samaha
سمح
appear
dahara
ظهر
arrive
wasala
وصل
attach
rabata
ربط
bake
khabaza
خبز
beat
daraba
ضرب
begin
bada’a
بدأ
bind
rabata
ربط
bleed
nazafa
نزف
blow
nafakha
نفخ
break
kasara
كسر
burn
haraqa (sharp h)
حرق
calculate
hasaba
حسب
carry
hamala
حمل
chew
madagha
مضغ
collect
jama'a
جمع
copy
nasakha
نسخ
crawl
zahafa
زحف
cross
'abara
عبر
cut
jaraha
جرح
dance
raqasa
رقص
deliver
naqala
نقل
describe
wasafa
وصف
detect
kashafa
كشف
dig
hafara
حفر
dislike
kareha
كره
do
‘amala
عمل
draw
rasama
رسم
dream
halama
حلم
dress
labesa
لبس
drink
shareba
شرب
earn
kasaba
كسب
eat
akala
أكل
enter
dakhala
دخل
escape
haraba
هرب
explain
sharaha
شرح
fall
saqata
سقط
feel
sha’ara
شعر
find
wajada
وجد
follow
tabe'a
تبع
forsake
hajara
هجر
freeze
jamada
جمد


go
dahaba
ذهب
grind
tahana
طحن
guard
harasa
حرس
hit
daraba
ضرب
hurt
jaraha
جرح
joke
mazaha
مزح
jump
qafaza
قفز
kill
qatala
قتل
kneel
raka’a
ركع
know
‘arafa
عرف
laugh
daheka
ضحك
lay
raqada
رقد
leap
wathaba (th as in thin)
وثب
leave
taraka
ترك
let
taraka
ترك
lie
kathaba (th as in that)
كذب
listen
same'a
سمع
look
nadara
نظر
lose
khasera
خسر
make
sana’a
صنع
mean
kasada
قصد
murder
qatala
قتل
obtain
hasala
حصل
open
fataha
فتح
pay
dafa’a
دفع
permit
adena
أذن
place
wada'a
وضع
plant
zara'a
زرع
play
la'eba
لعب
prevent
mana'a
منع
promise
wa'ada
وعد
push
dafa'a
دفع
Put
wada’a
وضع
Reach
wasala
وصل
Read
qara’a
قرأ
Refuse
rafada
رفض
Regret
nadema
ندم
request
talaba
طلب
Ride
rakeba
ركب
Rise
nahada
نهض
Rule
hakama
حكم
Run
rakada
ركض
Saw
nashara
نشر
Scream
sarakha
صرخ
Search
bahatha (th as in thin)
بحث
Seek
bahasa
بحث
Show
‘arada
عرض
Sink
gharaqa
غرق
Sit
jalasa
جلس
Slay
dabaha
ذبح
Sneeze
'atasa
عطس
Spill
dalaqa
دلق
Spit
basaqa
بصق
Split
qasama
قسم
spread
nashara
نشر
squeeze
'asara
عصر
Stand
waqafa
وقف
Steal
saraqa
سرق
Sting
lasa’a
لسع
Strike
daraba
ضرب
succeed
najaha
نجح
Swear
halafa
حلف
Sweep
masaha
مسح
Thank
shakara
شكر
Think
fakkara
فكر
Thrive
najaha
نجح
Touch
lamasa
لمس
understand
fahema
فهم
Wash
ghasala
غسل
Wear
labesa
لبس
Win
rabeha
ربح
Work
'amela
عمل
Worry
qaleqa
قلق
Write
kataba
كتب