Al-Idgham The Assimilation of the letter

Al-Idgham   The Assimilation of the letter

Al-Idgham means the assimilation of one letter with another. There are six letters of al-Idgham: Ya', Ra', Mim, Lam, Waw and Nun (all six letters in one word are known as Yarmalun). These are further divided into two groups:

(1)        Ya', Nun, Mim, Waw (Yanmu).

(2)        Ra', Lam.         

          There are three kinds of Idgham:

• (1)   Idgham al-Mithlayn: The Assimilation of the same kind.
• (2)   Idgham al-Mutajanisayn: The Assimilation of the related kind.
• (3)   Idgham al-Mutaqaribayn: The Assimilation of closed together.

RULE NO.19

The six letters of al-Idghdm always assimilate Nun sākin and tanwin provided the next word begins with one of them. For this purpose they become mushaddad (see the underlined words in the practice text).

Example Analysis:      

See Rules No. 21 and 22.         

EXAMPLES: (441-9). 

Al-Idgham, The Assimilation - RULE No.19
	وَمَنْ يَعْمَلْ مِثْقَالَ ذَرَّةٍ شَرًّا يَرَه (441)
	وَمَا لِأَحَدٍ عِنْدَهُ مِنْ نِعْمَةٍ تُجْزَى (442)
	وُجُوهٌ يَوْمَئِذٍ نَاعِمَةٌ (443)
	وَلَعَذَابُ الْآخِرَةِ أَشَقُّ وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنْ اللَّهِ مِنْ وَاقٍ (444)
	فَأْتُوا بِسُورَةٍ مِنْ مِثْلِهِ (445)
	وَاسْتَغْفِرُوا رَبَّكُمْ ثُمَّ تُوبُوا إِلَيْهِ إِنَّ رَبِّي رَحِيمٌ وَدُودٌ (446)
	آتَيْنَاهُ رَحْمَةً مِنْ عِنْدِنَا وَعَلَّمْنَاهُ مِنْ لَدُنَّا عِلْمًا  (447)
	إِنَّ رَبَّكَ فَعَّالٌ لِمَا يُرِيدُ (448)
	وَمَا هُوَ بِقَوْلِ شَيْطَانٍ رَجِيمٍ (449)

RULE NO.20.

Al-Idgham, the assimilation, should not take place if after Nun sakin any six letters of al-Idgham appear in one word.

Example Analysis:

Word	The letters of al-Idgham which appear after Nun Sakin
Example No. br. 450,   Ad Dunya	Ya'
Example No 451,   Bunyan	Ya'
Example No 452,   Sinwan	Waw
Example No 453,   Qinwan	Waw

Only the four examples mentioned above can be found in the Qur'an for this rule.

EXAMPLES: (450-3).

Al-Idgham, The Assimilation - RULE No.20
	1	2	3	4
	الدُّنْيَا (450)	بُنيَانٌ (451)	صِنْوَانٌ (452)	قِنْوَانٌ (453)

RULE NO.21

Nun sakin and Tanwin are assimilated with the letters of al-Idgham by making ghunnah, a nasalization, if the word ends either with Nun sakin or tanwin and the next word begins with one of the four letters of al-Idgham: Ya', Nun, Mim and Waw (Yanmu).

Example Analysis:

First word ends with Nun Sakin	Next word begins with one of the four letters of Al-Idgam
Example No. 454,     Written as:        Man Yaqul     Recited as:        Majjaqul	Ya'
Example No. 459,     Written as:        Min Nasirin     Recited as:        Minnasirin	Nun
Example No. 465,     Written as:        Min Mal     Recited as:        Mimmal	Mim
Example No. 472,     Written as:        Min Walijj     Recited as:        Miwwalijj	Waw

EXAMPLES: (454-85).

Al-Idgham, The Assimilation - RULE No.21
	1	2	4	5
	مَنْ يَقُولُ (454)	وَمَنْ يُضْلِلْ اللَّهُ (455)	وَمَنْ يَفْعَلْ (456)	يَوْمَئِذٍ يَصْدُرُ النَّاسُ (457)
	خَيْرًا يَرَه (458)	مِنْ نَاصِرِينَ (459)	وَمَنْ نُعَمِّرْهُ (460)	إِنْ نَشَأْ (461)
	أَمْشَاجٍ نَبْتَلِيهِ (462)	سُلْطَانًا نَصِيرًا(463)	كِتَابًا نَقْرَؤُه (464)	مِنْ مَالِ (465)
	مِنْ مَاء  (466)	مِنْ مَلْجَإٍ (467)	صِرَاطًا مُسْتَقِيمًا(468)	عَذَابٌ مُهِينٌ (469)
	سُرُرٌ مَرْفُوعَةٌ (470)	أَجَلٌ مُسَمًّى (471)	مِنْ وَلِيٍّ (472)	وَرَعْدٌ وَبَرْقٌ  (473)
	جَنَّاتٍ وَعُيُونٍْ (474)	صَيْحَةً وَاحِدَةً (475)	قَائِمٌ وَحَصِيدٌ (476)
	وَاللَّهُ يَهْدِي مَنْ يَشَاءُ إِلَى صِرَاطٍ مُسْتَقِيمٍ (477)
	رَبُّكُمْ أَعْلَمُ بِكُمْ إِنْ يَشَأْ يَرْحَمْكُمْ أَوْ إِنْ يَشَأْ يُعَذِّبْكُمْ (478)
	وَجَاءَ مِنْ أَقْصَى الْمَدِينَةِ رَجُلٌ يَسْعَى (479)
	فَلَمَّا جَاءَهُمْ بِالْبَيِّنَاتِ قَالُوا هَذَا سِحْرٌ مُبِينٌ (480)
	لِتُنذِرَ قَوْمًا مَا أَتَاهُمْ مِنْ نَذِيرٍ مِنْ قَبْلِكَ لَعَلَّهُمْ يَتَذَكَّرُونَ (481)
	قَالَ أَمَّا مَنْ ظَلَمَ فَسَوْفَ نُعَذِّبُهُ ثُمَّ يُرَدُّ إِلَى رَبِّهِ فَيُعَذِّبُهُ عَذَابًا نُكْرًا (482)
	طَاعَةٌ وَقَوْلٌ مَعْرُوفٌ فَإِذَا عَزَمَ الْأَمْرُ فَلَوْ صَدَقُوا اللَّهَ لَكَانَ خَيْرًا لَهُمْ (483)
	وَإِذَا أَرَادَ اللَّهُ بِقَوْمٍ سُوءًا فَلَا مَرَدَّ لَهُ وَمَا لَهُمْ مِنْ دُونِهِ مِنْ وَالٍ (484)
	وَأَوْفُوا الْكَيْلَ إِذَا كِلْتُمْ وَزِنُوا بِالْقِسْطَاسِ الْمُسْتَقِيمِ ذَلِكَ خَيْرٌ وَأَحْسَنُ تَأْوِيلًا  (485)

RULE NO.22

Only al-Idgham should take place if the word ends either with Nun sakin or tanwin and the next word begins with either of the two letters - Lam or Ra' - of al-Idgham.

Example Analysis:

First word ends with Nun Sakin	Next word begins with the remaining two letters of al-Idgham
Example No. 486,     Written as:        La'in Lam Yantahi     Recited as:        La'ilLam Yantahi	Lam
Example No. 492,     Written as:        Min Rabbihim     Recited as:        Mirrabbihim	Ra'

EXAMPLES: (486-501).

Al-Idgham, The Assimilation - RULE No.22
	1	2	3	4	5
	لَئِنْ لَمْ يَنْتَهِ (486)	مِنْ لَدُنْهُ (487)	هُدًى لِلْمُتَّقِينَ (488)	مَالًا لُبَدًا (489)	مَتَاعًا لَكُمْ (490)
	رِزْقًا لَكُمْ (491)	مِنْ رَبِّهِمْ (492)	(493)	(494)	(495)
	فِي عِيشَةٍ رَاضِيَةٍ(496)
	أَيَحْسَبُ أَنْ لَمْ يَرَهُ أَحَدٌ (497)
	قُلْ إِنِّي أُمِرْتُ أَنْ أَعْبُدَ اللَّهَ مُخْلِصًا لَهُ الدِّينَ (498)
	وَمَا تَسْأَلُهُمْ عَلَيْهِ مِنْ أَجْرٍ إِنْ هُوَ إِلَّا ذِكْرٌ لِلْعَالَمِينَ (499)
	إِنَّ رَبَّهُمْ بِهِمْ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَخَبِيرٌ (500)
	وَإِنْ تَعْفُوا وَتَصْفَحُوا وَتَغْفِرُوا فَإِنَّ اللَّهَ غَفُورٌ رَحِيمٌ (501)