3. One Direction Connectors. Of the 29 letters that make the Arabic Alphabet only six connect to the proceeding letter. These include two long vowels ا  and و , and four consonants; ،  د ، ذ ر ، ز . The rest connect to both sides.



4. Emphatic Consonants are a Semitic languages phenomenon. In Arabic there are four which include
ص ، ط ، ظ   ض ،. These consonants are articulated by a process of velarization: the tip of the tongue is lowered, the root of the tongue is raised towards the soft palate (velum), and in the process the timbre of the neighboring vowels is shifted towards a posterior realization.

A Hundred and One Rules !
                                                Mohammed Jiyad


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