- Negation of Past Tense Verbs. There are two methods to negate the verbs in past tense. The easy way is by using ما before the verb. The other is to use the negation particle لم¸ followed by the jussive form of the verb.
We didn’t watch/see this movie. ما شاهَدنا هذا الفلمَ.
لم نُشاهِدْ هذا الفلمَ.
- هُنا / هُناكَ are nouns that can also be used as adverbs.
(a) There is a student (f) in the
classroom. هُناكَ طالبة ٌ في الصفِّ.
(b) The new book is here. الکتابُ الجديدُ
هُنا.
- کُلُّ is a noun that will be a first term of Idaafa and could mean "every/each" if it is followed by a singular indefinite noun. If the singular noun is definite, کُلُّ would mean "all/whole". If it is used after a noun, then it should carry its corresponding pronoun suffix and its function becomes emphatic.
a.
I read every book! قرأتُ کُلَّ کتابٍ.
b.
I read the whole book. قرأتُ کُلَّ الکتابِ.
c.
I read the book, all of it. قرأتُ الکتابَ
کـُلـَّهُ
However,
if کـُلُّ is
followed by a plural noun, that noun should be definite and both create Idaafa.
Check the following sentences:
حضرَ کلُّ الموظفينَ
All
the employees (m) came.
حضرَ کلُّ موظفي المکتبِ.
All
the office employees (m) came.
A Hundred and One Rules !
Mohammed Jiyad
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