The shadda sign ( -) indicates a doubled consonant.
Gemination is the doubling of a consonant. Instead of writing the letter twice, as in English, Arabic places a W-shaped sign called šadda, or shadda, above it. (The generic term for such diacritical signs is harakat). When a shadda is used on a consonant which also takes a kasra (a dash below the consonant indicating that it takes a short /i/ as its vowel), the kasra may be written between the consonant and the šadda rather than in its normal place.
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