The Arabic Alphabet- Writing letters(4)

2^nd Group
- Change shape according to their position in the word.

1st Group (Non-Connecting Letters)	1st Group Examples	2nd Group (Connecting Letters)	2nd Group Examples
ālif ا	سَمَاء /samā̛/ for "sky"	عain   ع	Refer to the three Arabic Letters' Writing Forms (initial – medial – final)
Dāl د	الدَهر /̛ād-dahr/ for "past life"	ghain غ	Refer to the three Arabic Letters' Writing Forms (initial – medial – final)
zāl ذ	الذَهب /̛āz-zahab/ For "gold"	kāf ك	Refer to the three Arabic Letters' Writing Forms (initial – medial – final)
rā̛ ر	الرَمَادِي /̛ā̛r-ramādy/ for "grey color"	hā̛ ه هـ	Refer to the three Arabic Letters' Writing Forms (initial – medial – final)
zāy ز	الزَمَان /̛āz-zamān/ For "past"	yā̛ ي	Refer to the three Arabic Letters' Writing Forms (initial – medial – final)
wāw و	الوَطَن /̛āl-watan/ for "homeland"	hamza ء أُ إِ أَ	Refer to the three Arabic Letters' Writing Forms (initial – medial – final). NB: this letter will be discussed later

10- Few Arabic Written Letters could be only differentiated by their dots :

bā̛    ب tā̛    ت thā̛    ث	jim    ج hā̛    ح khā̛   خ	dāl    د Zāl    ذ rā̛    ر Zāy    ز
sin    س shin    ش	sād    ص dād    ض	tā̛    ط ẓā̛   ظ
عain    ع ghain    غ	fā̛    ف qāf    ق	nun    ن

11- There are Confusing Arabic Written Letters phonetically-wise:

Light Sound in Pronunciation	Heavy Sound in Pronunciation
tā̛    ت	tā̛   ط
Dāl    د	dād    ض
zāl    ذ	ẓā̛    ظ
sin    س	sād   ص
Kāf    ك	qāf    ق

12- The Letter tā̛ ت; sometimes it is written like the letter hā̛ in its final form ـهyet with two dots above it ـة. This letter is mostly seen in its final position to indicate a feminine gender ending and is termed " tā̛ Marbutah".